TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION………………………………II DEDICATION………………………………III

TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION………………………………II DEDICATION………………………………III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………IV TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………V ABSTRACT………………………………X CHAPTER ONE………………………………1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY…………………1 1.0 Introduction………………………………1 1.1 Background of the Study………………………………1 1.2 Statement of the Problem………………………………5 1.3 Research Questions………………………………5 1.4 Objective of the Study………………………………6 1.4.1 Specific Objectives………………………………6 1.5 Literature Review………………………………6 1.5.1 Theoretical Literature………………………………7 1.5.2 Empirical Literature………………………………8 1.5.2.1 Globalization and Shifts in Gender Norms: A Global Overview…………8 1.5.2.2 Gender Relations in Africa in the Context of Globalization………………13 1.5.2.3 Changing Gender Norms and Experiences in Kenya’s Globalization Journey………17 1.5.2.3 Literature Gap……………………………… 23 1.6 Justification of the Study………………………………24 1.6.1 Policy………………………………24 1.6.2 Academic………………………………24 1.6.3 Community………………………………25 1.7 Theoretical Framework……………………25 1.8 Hypotheses…………………………………28 1.9 Research Methodology………………………29 1.9.1 Research Design …………………………29 1.9.2 Research Site………………………………29 1.9.3 Data Collection Methods………….………30 1.9.4 Data Analysis Procedure……….…………30 1.10 Scope and Limitations of the Study…………31 1.11 Legal and Ethical Considerations………….…31 1.12 Chapter Outline………….………………...32 CHAPTER TWO……….…………….…33 2.0 Introduction……….…………….…33 2.1 Gender Relations in the 21st Century. ……….…………….…33 2.2 The Role of Globalization in Influencing Gender Relations.……35 2.3 Case Studies……….…………….…38 2.3.1 Asia: Between Opportunity and Tradition……….………38 2.3.2 Europe: Institutional Shifts and Social Resistance….……39 2.3.2 Europe: Institutional Shifts and Social Resistance….……40 2.3.3 Africa: Between Modernization and Custom……….……41 2.3.4 The Americas: Complexity and Cultural Shifts……………42 2.3 Conclusion……….…………….…43 CHAPTER THREE……….…………….…45 GLOBALIZATION AND GENDER RELATIONS IN KENYA……45 3.1 Gender and Globalization in Kenya……….…45 3.1.1 Historical Overview……….…………….…45 3.1.2 Effects of Globalization on Gender Roles in Kenya…….…47 3.1.3 Women’s Economic Empowerment and Social Challenges…….…48 3.1.4 Transformations in Masculinity and Male Roles……….…….…49 3.1.5 Family Dynamics and Changing Gender Relations……….…………….…50 3.2 Cultural and Social Impacts of Globalization on Gender Norms……….…………….…51 3.2.1 Media, Technology, and the Reimagination of Gender Identities……….…………….…51 3.2.2 Religion, Tradition, and Negotiation of Gender Norms……….…………….…52 3.3 Regional and Ethnic Diversity in Globalization’s Gender Effects……….…………….…52 3.3.1 Urban, Rural, and Socioeconomic Variations……….…………….…52 3.3.2 Ethnic and Cultural Diversity……….…………….…53 3.4 Globalization and Gender in the Kenyan Family.………….…53 3.5 Gendered Economic Participation in Kenya….…………….…55 3.6 Globalization, Public Life, and Leadership……….………….…56 3.7 Education, Technology, and Changing Gender Norms ……….…57 3.8 Gender Movements and Civil Society……….…………….…58 3.9 Chapter Summary……….…………….…59

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